QISHLOQ XO'JALIGI EKINLARINING TUPROQ SHO'RLANISHIGA CHIDAMLILIGINI OSHIRISHDA ZAMONAVIY BIOTEXNOLOGIYA USULLARINING QO'LLANILISHI
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Abstract
Ushbu tezisda O‘zbekiston qishloq xo‘jaligida dolzarb muammolardan biri bo‘lgan sug‘oriladigan yerlarning sho‘rlanishi va uning qishloq xo‘jaligi ekinlarining o‘sishi hamda hosildorligiga salbiy ta’siri tahlil qilingan. Ekinlarning sho‘rlanishga chidamliligini oshirishda zamonaviy biotexnologik yondashuvlar, xususan, gen muhandisligi, marker-yordamchi seleksiya, in vitro seleksiya va CRISPR/Cas9 genom tahrirlash texnologiyasining imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, sho‘r stressiga chidamlilikni ta’minlashda ishtirok etuvchi ion transportyorlari, osmolitlar biosintezi va antioksidant himoya tizimini boshqaruvchi genlarning funksional ahamiyati umumlashtirilgan. An’anaviy seleksiya usullari bilan zamonaviy biotexnologik yondashuvlarning afzallik va cheklovlari qiyosiy tahlil qilingan. Adabiyotlar tahlili shuni ko‘rsatadiki, genetik, hujayraviy va molekulyar biotexnologiya usullarini o‘zaro uyg‘unlashtirish sho‘rlangan agroekotizimlarda hosildorligi yuqori va stressga chidamli ekin navlarini yaratish uchun istiqbolli yo‘nalish hisoblanadi.
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